Abstract Londrina is the fourth most populous city in southern Brazil. Its subtropical weather with rain in all seasons, as well as its high population density, make the city perfect for the Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) life cycle. Over the last few years, Londrina presented high infestation indexes and was one of the cities with the most reported cases of dengue. Uncontrolled use of synthetic insecticides may influence the mosquito’s genetic composition. In this paper, we studied mitochondrial DNA and kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti. The analysis of the ND4 gene in 330 specimens showed the presence of 27 haplotypes. The pyrethroid resistance alleles (kdr) evaluated are present in the collected populations, with a 50% frequency of the Val1016Ile and 48% of the Phe1534Cys mutations. Such analysis of the mutations in the populations collected at the State University of Londrina’s campus – a microenvironment that differs from the rest of the city – showed frequencies of 57% and 62%, respectively. The low gene flow observed, Nm = 0.11 and Nm = 0.10, along with the elevated differentiation, Fst = 0.19 and Fst = 0.18, among populations suggest an influence of genetic drift. The strong presence of resistance alleles kdr in the city is evident, which demonstrates that even with the interruption of the use of pyrethroids by the National Dengue Control Program, resistance may be maintained due to domestic use. Thus, the results have shown the need for genetic monitoring, alongside other entomological surveillance monitoring tools, to create strategies of mosquito control.

Son considerados principios que cualifican los cuidados de enfermería y dirigen la práctica basada en la evidencia, el compromiso ético y profesional, la realización de procedimientos seguros y adecuados para los pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones de las enfermeras acerca de la seguridad del paciente en la práctica de los cuidados de enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva exploratoria, realizada con nueve enfermeras en un pequeño hospital, ubicado en la región central de Río Grande do Sul. Los datos fueron recolectados entre agosto y noviembre de 2011 a través de entrevista semiestructurada y fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Cuatro categorías emergieron: Seguridad del Paciente: visibilidad en la organización de los cuidados de enfermería; Seguridad del Paciente: un devenir que se construye en los cuidados de enfermería; Desorganización del medio ambiente y profesional: factores que contribuyen al error; Diferentes posturas de la enfermera en el estado de error. Conclusiones: La seguridad del paciente se puede hacer a partir del conocimiento, el compromiso y la participación de todos los profesionales, siendo necesario desarrollar un movimiento cultural y praxis transformadora de la atención de enfermería.

Ethical and professional commitment and the application of safe and adequate procedures to patients are considered principles guiding nursing care provision and evidence-based practice. This study aims, therefore, to identify the perceptions of nurses about patient safety in the practice of nursing care. Method: Descriptive, qualitative, exploratory study conducted with nine nurses at a small hospital located in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were collected from August to November 2011 using semi-structured interviews and were subjected then to content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: Patient Safety: visibility in the organization of nursing care; Patient Safety: transformation based on nursing care; Disorganization of working and professional environment: factors contributing to errors; Different attitudes towards errors. Conclusion: Patient safety is achieved through the knowledge, commitment and participation of all professionals contributing to create a cultural change and transformative practice of nursing care.

São considerados princípios que qualificam o cuidado de enfermagem e direciona a prática baseada em evidência, com ética e compromisso profissional, a realização de procedimentos seguros e adequados aos pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a segurança do paciente na práxis do cuidado de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória de caráter qualitativo, realizada com nove enfermeiros de um hospital de pequeno porte, localizado na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados no período de agosto a novembro do ano de 2011 por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias: Segurança do Paciente: visibilidade na organização do cuidado de enfermagem; Segurança do Paciente: um devir a ser construído no cuidado de enfermagem; Desorganização do ambiente e do profissional: fatores que contribuem para o erro; Diferentes posturas do enfermeiro frente a situação do erro. Conclusões: A segurança do paciente poderá ser efetivada a partir do conhecimento, compromisso e participação de todos os profissionais, sendo necessário desenvolver um movimento cultural e transformador na práxis do cuidado de enfermagem.

Karyotypes of seventeen Hoplias malabaricus specimens, collected in the fish culture station of UNOPAR (University of Northern Paraná), were analyzed. The station is in the Claro River system in the Tibagi River basin. Two distinct and coexistent karyotype forms (cytotypes) were identified, comprising either 42 chromosomes (cytotype A) or 40 chromosomes (cytotype C), both presenting metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. In two specimens, one male and one female, it was not possible to characterize a modal diploid number because different cell lines were observed, with a predominance of 2n=41 and 2n=42 chromosomes at a frequency of 38.24% and 41.12%, respectively. The karyotype with 2n=41 showed some putative monosomic and trisomic chromosomes, while the karyotype with 2n=42 showed 21 chromosomal pairs, similar to cytotype A. RAPD analysis showed that these two specimens have the same band pro file of cytotype A (Nei's genetic identity=92%), discarding a possible hybridization between both cytotypes and supporting the mosaicism hypothesis. These findings corroborate the isolation between cytotypes A and C.